2. Dry Chemical Technology

The biggest difference between “dry chemistry” and traditional “wet chemistry” (i.e., solution chemistry) is the media involved in the chemical reactions. In this method, the liquid in the sample to be tested is used as the solvent, which directly reacts with the dry powder reagent solidified on the carrier. Dry chemical technology has the advantages of requiring no reagent preparation and calibration, long-term stability, and usefulness for whole blood tests. It is widely used for the check of myocardial enzymes, liver function, kidney function, and routine blood tests.

3. Electrochemistry and Biosensor Technology

A biosensor is an analytical tool composed of a biometric element, a signal converter, and a signal amplification device. The new generation of POCT instruments uses biosensors, such as ion-selective electrodes, substrate-specific electrodes, and conductivity sensors. These sensors combine enzyme chemistry, immunochemistry, electrochemistry, and computer technology, to perform ultra-microanalysis of biological fluids, such as for the detection of basic blood gases, electrolytes, and metabolites. Biosensor technology is fast, sensitive, inexpensive, and easy to automate, and its detection equipment can be miniaturized. Since the advent of smartphones and other mobile devices, wearable biosensors have received considerable attention because of their potential to provide continuous, real-time physiological information through dynamic, non-invasive, or minimally invasive measurements. Simultaneously, multiple biosensing, microfluidic sampling, and delivery systems have been integrated, miniaturized, and combined with flexible materials to improve wear resistance and ease of operation.

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